VILNIUS, Lithuania — Lithuanians headed to the ballots Sunday in the second and final round of parliamentary elections, with the conservative governing party still in contention despite first-round gains for the left-leaning opposition.
Strict COVID-19 measures during the pandemic, political scandals involving several key members of the Cabinet and an influx of migrants from neighboring Belarus have hurt the popularity of Prime Minister Ingrida Šimonytė’s government, which took office in 2020.
The vote in Lithuania, which borders Russia’s Kaliningrad exclave to the west and Belarus to the east, comes at a time when Russia’s war in Ukraine is fueling greater fears about Moscow’s intentions, particularly in the strategically important Baltic region.
It will set the political tone for the next four years, but despite a possible shift to the left analysts say there won’t be any significant change in Lithuania’s foreign policy. The European Union and NATO member is a staunch supporter of Ukraine.
President Gitanas Nausėda, a moderate conservative, cast his ballot around midday in Vilnius. He said he believes the makeup of the coalition will be clear by the end of Sunday.
In May, Nausėda secured a second five-year term as Lithuanian president in a landslide victory over Šimonytė.
Voters in dozens of electoral districts will choose between the two leading candidates from the first round to complete the new 141-seat parliament, known as the Seimas.
The opposition Social Democrats, led by Vilija Blinkevičiūtė, came out of the first round with an edge two weeks ago, taking 20 of the first 70 seats to be decided. That put them two seats ahead of Šimonytė’s Homeland Union party.
Blinkevičiūtė has said that she and the center-left Democratic Union, which took eight seats, will attempt to form a coalition together with a smaller third party. The three parties, which so far have 34 lawmakers in total, have said they will support each other’s candidates in the second round.
But the center-left parties could lose their lead, and their ability to form a stable government could depend on a new party that many consider a pariah.
The Nemuno Aušra party came in third in the first round, with 15 seats. Its leader Remigijus Žemaitaitis had to resign from parliament earlier this year for making antisemitic statements.
A strong showing for Nemuno Aušra could open the way for the prime minister’s party to form a minority government.
“Nobody can claim to have an obvious majority after the first round,” said Mažvydas Jastramskis, a political analyst at Vilnius University’s Institute of International Relations and Political Science.
Šimonytė’s Homeland Union won 18 seats in the first round and its coalition member, the Liberal Union, took eight. Both have several dozen candidates leading in run-offs, but they aren’t in a position to win the 71 seats needed for a majority.
Tensions in Lithuania’s neighborhood, with Russia’s war on Ukraine, are on voters’ minds as well as domestic concerns.
Most of the traditional parties said before the elections that they would not team up with Nemuno Aušra. The Social Democrats, for instance, have ruled out any alliance with Žemaitaitis’ party. Still, Nemuno Aušra announced this week that it would support the Social Democrats’ Blinkevičiūtė in her bid to become prime minister.
Jastramskis said it’s unlikely that the three center-left parties will emerge with enough seats to form a stable new government alone.
“The one more likely option for the stable majority is if Nemuno Aušra joins the already announced three-party coalition,” Jastramskis said. “But it may turn out as a major problem for the cabinet if the unacceptable rhetoric and actions continue”.